{"id":448,"date":"2019-09-22T10:18:21","date_gmt":"2019-09-22T10:18:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/aprendeinglesjuanra.com\/?p=448"},"modified":"2020-11-20T18:39:54","modified_gmt":"2020-11-20T18:39:54","slug":"present-perfect-en-ingles-para-principiantes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/aprendeinglesjuanra.com\/index.php\/2019\/09\/22\/present-perfect-en-ingles-para-principiantes\/","title":{"rendered":"\u25b7 Present Perfect en ingl\u00e9s para principiantes \u2705"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

El present Perfect<\/strong> Tense<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El “present perfect tense”<\/strong> <\/em>es un tiempo verbal que forma una mezcla entre el presente y el pasado<\/strong>. En español equivaldría al pretérito perfecto compuesto. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por ejemplo: I have broken my leg<\/em> – Me he roto la pierna. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Present Perfect: estructura<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El “present perfect”<\/strong><\/em> se construye de la siguiente forma:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CON VERBOS REGULARES SE FORMA EL <\/strong>PAST PARTICIPLE <\/strong><\/em>O PARTICIPIO PASADO AÑADIÉNDOLE A LA RAIZ DEL VERBO UN –ED FINAL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n ORACIÓN AFIRMATIVA:<\/strong>\n Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (have) +\n participio pasado\n Have: I, you, we<\/em><\/strong>    <\/em>CONTRACCIÓN: I´ve walked for\n an hour <\/em>(He andado una hora)\n Has: He, she, it<\/em><\/strong>                                  She´s\n walked for an hour <\/em>(Ha andado una hora)\n Ejemplo: I have\n visited Switzerland <\/em>(He visitado Suiza)\n                  She has visited Switzerland<\/em> (Ha visitado Suiza)\n  \n <\/td><\/tr>
\n ORACIÓN NEGATIVA:<\/strong>\n Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (have) + not\n + participio pasado\n CONTRACCIÓN: I\n haven´t walked for an hour<\/em> (no he andado una hora)\n                              She hasn´t\n walked for an hour<\/em> (no ha andado una hora)\n Ejemplo: I have\n not visited Switzerland<\/em> (no he visitado Suiza)\n                 \n She has not visited Switzerland<\/em>\n (no ha visitado Suiza)\n  \n  \n <\/td><\/tr>
\n ORACIÓN INTERROGATIVA:<\/strong>\n Verbo auxiliar (have) + sujeto +\n participio pasado +?\n Ejemplo: Have\n you visited Switzerland? <\/em>(¿Has visitado Suiza?)\n                  Has she visited Switzerland?<\/em> (¿Ha visitado Suiza?)\n <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n

Present Perfect: Ejemplos <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Aquí os muestro una pequeña lista con los verbos regulares más utilizados en inglés, para formar el “<\/strong>present perfect<\/strong><\/em>» <\/strong>se utilizaría la forma de la tercera columna:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n INFINITIVO\n <\/td>\n PASADO SIMPLE\n <\/td>\n PASADO  PARTICIPIO\n <\/td>\n TRADUCCIÓN\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Accept\n <\/td>\n Accepted\n <\/td>\n Accepted\n <\/td>\n Aceptar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Agree\n <\/td>\n Agreed\n <\/td>\n Agreed\n <\/td>\n Acordar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Answer\n <\/td>\n Answered\n <\/td>\n Answered\n <\/td>\n Responder\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Arrive\n <\/td>\n Arrived\n <\/td>\n Arrived\n <\/td>\n Llegar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Believe\n <\/td>\n Believed\n <\/td>\n Believed\n <\/td>\n Creer\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Burn\n <\/td>\n Burned\n <\/td>\n Burned\n <\/td>\n Quemar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Call\n <\/td>\n Called\n <\/td>\n Called\n <\/td>\n Llamar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Close\n <\/td>\n Closed\n <\/td>\n Closed\n <\/td>\n Cerrar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Cry\n <\/td>\n Cried\n <\/td>\n Cried\n <\/td>\n Llorar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Dance\n <\/td>\n Danced\n <\/td>\n Danced\n <\/td>\n Bailar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Decide\n <\/td>\n Decided\n <\/td>\n Decided\n <\/td>\n Decidir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Destroy\n <\/td>\n Destroyed\n <\/td>\n Destroyed\n <\/td>\n Destruir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Escape\n <\/td>\n Escaped\n <\/td>\n Escaped\n <\/td>\n Escapar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Explain\n <\/td>\n Explained\n <\/td>\n Explained\n <\/td>\n Explicar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Finish\n <\/td>\n Finished\n <\/td>\n Finished\n <\/td>\n Terminar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Follow\n <\/td>\n Followed\n <\/td>\n Followed\n <\/td>\n Seguir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Hate\n <\/td>\n Hated\n <\/td>\n Hated\n <\/td>\n Odiar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Imagine\n <\/td>\n Imagined\n <\/td>\n Imagined\n <\/td>\n Imaginar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Improve\n <\/td>\n Improved\n <\/td>\n Improved\n <\/td>\n Mejorar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Join\n <\/td>\n Joined\n <\/td>\n Joined\n <\/td>\n Unir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Kill\n <\/td>\n Killed\n <\/td>\n Killed\n <\/td>\n Matar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n kiss\n <\/td>\n Kissed\n <\/td>\n Kissed\n <\/td>\n Besar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Learn\n <\/td>\n Learned\/Learnt\n <\/td>\n Learned\/Learnt\n <\/td>\n Aprender\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Like\n <\/td>\n Liked\n <\/td>\n Liked\n <\/td>\n Gustar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Listen\n <\/td>\n Listened\n <\/td>\n Listened\n <\/td>\n Escuchar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Love\n <\/td>\n Loved\n <\/td>\n Loved\n <\/td>\n Amar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Mention\n <\/td>\n Mentioned\n <\/td>\n Mentioned\n <\/td>\n Mencionar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Need\n <\/td>\n Needed\n <\/td>\n Needed\n <\/td>\n Necesitar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Offer\n <\/td>\n Offered\n <\/td>\n Offered\n <\/td>\n Ofrecer\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Open\n <\/td>\n Opened\n <\/td>\n Opened\n <\/td>\n Abrir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Order\n <\/td>\n Ordered\n <\/td>\n Ordered\n <\/td>\n Ordenar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Paint\n <\/td>\n Painted\n <\/td>\n Painted\n <\/td>\n Pintar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Play\n <\/td>\n Played\n <\/td>\n Played\n <\/td>\n Jugar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Practice\n <\/td>\n Practiced\n <\/td>\n Practiced\n <\/td>\n Practicar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Rain\n <\/td>\n Rained\n <\/td>\n Rained\n <\/td>\n Llover\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Remember\n <\/td>\n Remembered\n <\/td>\n Remembered\n <\/td>\n Recordar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Smile\n <\/td>\n Smiled\n <\/td>\n Smiled\n <\/td>\n Sonreír\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Start\n <\/td>\n Started\n <\/td>\n Started\n <\/td>\n Empezar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Talk\n <\/td>\n Talked\n <\/td>\n Talked\n <\/td>\n Hablar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Translate\n <\/td>\n Translated\n <\/td>\n Translated\n <\/td>\n Traducir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Try\n <\/td>\n Tried\n <\/td>\n Tried\n <\/td>\n Probar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Use\n <\/td>\n Used\n <\/td>\n Used\n <\/td>\n Utilizar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Visit\n <\/td>\n Visited\n <\/td>\n Visited\n <\/td>\n Visitar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Wait\n <\/td>\n Waited\n <\/td>\n Waited\n <\/td>\n Esperar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Walk\n <\/td>\n Walked\n <\/td>\n Walked\n <\/td>\n Andar\n <\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n

CON VERBOS IRREGULARES EL PARTICIPIO PASADO CORRESPONDE A LA FORMA DE LA TERCERA\nCOLUMNA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n ORACIÓN AFIRMATIVA:<\/strong>\n Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (have) +\n participio pasado\n Ejemplo: I have\n done my homework<\/em> (he hecho mis deberes)\n                 \n She has done her homework<\/em>\n (ha hecho sus deberes)\n  <\/strong>\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n ORACIÓN NEGATIVA:<\/strong>\n Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (have) + not\n + participio pasado\n Ejemplo: I have\n not done my homework<\/em> (no he hecho mis deberes)\n                  She has not done her\n homework<\/em> (no ha hecho sus deberes)\n  \n  \n <\/td><\/tr>
\n ORACIÓN INTERROGATIVA:<\/strong>\n Verbo auxiliar (have) + sujeto +\n participio pasado +?\n Ejemplo: Have\n you done your homework? <\/em>(¿has hecho tus deberes?)\n                 Has she done her homework? <\/em>(¿ ha hecho sus deberes?)\n  <\/em>\n  \n <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n

Aquí os muestro una pequeña lista de los verbos irregular en inglés:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n INFINITIVO\n <\/td>\n PASADO SIMPLE\n <\/td>\n PASADO  PARTICIPIO\n <\/td>\n TRADUCCIÓN\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Arise\n <\/td>\n Arose\n <\/td>\n Arisen\n <\/td>\n Surgir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Be\n <\/td>\n Was\/were\n <\/td>\n Been\n <\/td>\n Ser\/Estar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Become\n <\/td>\n Became\n <\/td>\n Become\n <\/td>\n Convertirse\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Begin\n <\/td>\n Began\n <\/td>\n Begun\n <\/td>\n Comenzar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Break\n <\/td>\n Broke\n <\/td>\n Broken\n <\/td>\n Romper\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Build\n <\/td>\n Built\n <\/td>\n Built\n <\/td>\n Construir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Buy\n <\/td>\n Bought\n <\/td>\n Bought\n <\/td>\n Comprar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Catch\n <\/td>\n Caught\n <\/td>\n Caught\n <\/td>\n Atrapar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Come\n <\/td>\n Came\n <\/td>\n Come\n <\/td>\n Venir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Cut\n <\/td>\n Cut\n <\/td>\n Cut\n <\/td>\n Cortar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Do\n <\/td>\n Did\n <\/td>\n Done\n <\/td>\n Hacer\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Draw\n <\/td>\n Drew\n <\/td>\n Drown\n <\/td>\n Dibujar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Drink\n <\/td>\n Drank\n <\/td>\n Drunk\n <\/td>\n Beber\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Drive\n <\/td>\n Drove\n <\/td>\n Driven\n <\/td>\n Conducir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Eat\n <\/td>\n Ate\n <\/td>\n Eaten\n <\/td>\n Comer\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Fall\n <\/td>\n Fell\n <\/td>\n Fallen\n <\/td>\n Caer\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Feel\n <\/td>\n Felt\n <\/td>\n Felt\n <\/td>\n Sentir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Fly\n <\/td>\n Flew\n <\/td>\n Flown\n <\/td>\n Volar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Get\n <\/td>\n Got\n <\/td>\n Got\n <\/td>\n Tener\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Give\n <\/td>\n Gave\n <\/td>\n Given\n <\/td>\n Dar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Go\n <\/td>\n Went\n <\/td>\n Gone\n <\/td>\n Ir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Grow\n <\/td>\n Grew\n <\/td>\n Grown\n <\/td>\n Crecer\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Have\n <\/td>\n Had\n <\/td>\n Had\n <\/td>\n Tener\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Hide\n <\/td>\n Hid\n <\/td>\n Hidden\n <\/td>\n Esconder\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Hurt\n <\/td>\n Hurt\n <\/td>\n Hurt\n <\/td>\n Doler\/Herir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Keep\n <\/td>\n Kept\n <\/td>\n Kept\n <\/td>\n Guardar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Know\n <\/td>\n Knew\n <\/td>\n Known\n <\/td>\n Saber\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Leave\n <\/td>\n Left\n <\/td>\n Left \n <\/td>\n Dejar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Lose\n <\/td>\n Lost\n <\/td>\n Lost\n <\/td>\n Perder\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Make\n <\/td>\n Made\n <\/td>\n Made\n <\/td>\n Hacer\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Mean\n <\/td>\n Meant\n <\/td>\n Meant\n <\/td>\n Significar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Pay\n <\/td>\n Paid\n <\/td>\n Paid\n <\/td>\n Pagar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Read\n <\/td>\n Read\n <\/td>\n Read\n <\/td>\n Leer\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Run\n <\/td>\n Ran\n <\/td>\n Run\n <\/td>\n Correr\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Say\n <\/td>\n Said\n <\/td>\n Said\n <\/td>\n Decir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n See\n <\/td>\n Saw\n <\/td>\n Seen\n <\/td>\n Ver\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Shine\n <\/td>\n Shone\n <\/td>\n Shone\n <\/td>\n Brillar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Sing\n <\/td>\n Sang\n <\/td>\n Sung\n <\/td>\n Cantar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Sleep\n <\/td>\n Slept\n <\/td>\n Slept\n <\/td>\n Dormir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Speak\n <\/td>\n Spoke\n <\/td>\n Spoken\n <\/td>\n Hablar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Swim\n <\/td>\n Swam\n <\/td>\n Swum\n <\/td>\n Nadar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Take\n <\/td>\n Took\n <\/td>\n Taken\n <\/td>\n Tomar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Tell\n <\/td>\n Told\n <\/td>\n Told\n <\/td>\n Decir\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Understand\n <\/td>\n Understood\n <\/td>\n Understood\n <\/td>\n Entender\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Wear\n <\/td>\n Wore\n <\/td>\n Worn\n <\/td>\n Llevar puesto\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Win\n <\/td>\n Won\n <\/td>\n Won\n <\/td>\n Ganar\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Write\n <\/td>\n Wrote\n <\/td>\n Written\n <\/td>\n Escribir\n <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n

¿Para qué casos se debe utilizar el Present Perfect? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
  • Para hablar de acciones que tienen su inicio en el pasado, pero que no han finalizado en el presente<\/strong>. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    I have not seen my cousin\nin the past two days.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    No he visto a mi prima en los últimos dos días.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • Para hablar de acciones que comenzaron y finalizaron en pasado, pero cuya consecuencia tiene efecto en el presente.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      I have bought a bike.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      He comprado una bicicleta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (Aunque ya hemos comprado el coche, el coche nos\nsigue perteneciendo actualmente).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      • Acciones cuyo inicio y final se insertan en el pasado, pero que se sitúan en un intervalo de tiempo no acabado<\/strong>. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        I have worked in\nSwitzerland this year.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        He trabajado en Suiza este año. (Puedo seguir estando en Suiza) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Diferencia entre el “past simple” <\/em>y el “present perfect”<\/em>.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        *La principal diferencia entre el “past simple” <\/strong><\/em>y el “present perfect” <\/strong><\/em>es que este último lo usamos para acciones pasadas que están relacionadas con el presente, en cambio el “past simple”<\/em> se utiliza para acciones que han finalizado en el pasado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        I have worked in\nSwitzerland this year.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        He trabajado en Suiza este año. (Puedo seguir\nestando en Suiza)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        En cambio:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        I worked in Switzerland\nthis year.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Trabajé en Suiza este año.  (Ya ha acabado mi trabajo en Suiza)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        PARTÍCULAS QUE SE USAN CON EL <\/strong>PRESENT PERFECT<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        • JUST (ACABAR DE)<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          I have just eaten an ice\ncream<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Me acabo de tomar un helado<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          • EVER (ALGUNA VEZ)<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Have you ever been in\nAustralia?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            ¿Alguna vez has estado en Australia?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            • YET (YA [oraciones interrogativas] O TODAVÍA <\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n

              [oraciones negativas]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Has she ordered the nove\nyet?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              ¿Ha encargado ya la novella?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              No, she has not ordered the\nbook yet.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              No, todavía no ha encargado el libro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              • ALREADY (YA) <\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                I have already watched the\nmovie.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Ya he visto la película. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                El mejor vídeo para aprender el present perfect<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                \n